Supply Chain Integrity: An overview of the ICT supply chain risks and challenges, and vision for the way forward (2015)

The root of this report is the assertion that Governments, corporations, organizations, and consumers are increasingly reliant on ICT products and services, and thus on the supply chains that deliver them. As a result of this reliance threats to supply chains have attracted more attention, including the threat of intentional tampering during development, distribution or operations, or the threat of substitution with counterfeit (including cloned or overproduced) components before or during delivery, and attacks against the economy through the supply chain. The present report identifies the nature of these threats and examines the strategies that may be used to counter them. The report was originally published in November 2012 and was updated in September 2015.